Click on the image for full screen. More on http://www.studioblueplanet.net
Window of opportunity
When taking wide angle photos underwater we observe a remarkable effect: if we look up in quiet water, it appears that we can look at the world above water through a circular window.
Circular window
The reason is found in Snell’s law, which states that light is refracted when going from one medium to another medium with different ‘refraction index’. In our case light goes from air to water. Light propagates not in a straigt line, but is refracted.
Natural light photography underwater
Flash, Forrest, flash!
Many starting photographers conclude there is not much light underwater and start flashing. Many using one flash, more luxury divers use two flashes to prevent shadows. Lazy photographers close the diaphragm and blast out a hell of flash light, having always sharp photos due to the large depth of field and not having to worry about white balance. This however, has some drawbacks:
- Flashing casts shadows
- Flashing illuminates dust between camera and object, if flashes direction is not set properly
- Many fish flash back by reflecting your flash
- Backgrounds become dark, making the image flat
Flashing casts shadows
Backgrounds appear dark
Light comes natural
Photographing using natural light has advantages, when done properly:
- Light underwater is diffused by the water, even in sunny conditions giving nice and smooth illuminated objects
- You can use the color of the water to get the real underwater experience
- Dust becomes less annoying
- You capture much more of the environment, since everything is illuminated, not just your subject
Naturally illuminated pike
Open Sesamy: Port-knocking using just one port
Port knocking is a mechanism to provide additional security to firewalling. Port knocking is normally used in firewalls. A target port needed for a particular service (e.g. SecureShell, SSH) is normally closed and the service is unreachable. Only by ‘knocking’ on a number of ports in a particular order opens the target port. Knocking means: sending a TCP or UDP packet to the port. Though the knock ports are closed and won’t respond, the firewall notices the knocks. To the outside world the firewall appears totally closed. Portscans fail. Only when the proper sequence of ports is knocked the target port opens and the service is reachable for a few seconds. During this time-span the service can be reached.
There are a large number of port knock implementation. See for an overview: portknocking.org. Open Sesamy differs from other mechanism because only one port for knocking is needed. It may even be the target port. It is implemented using Linux iptables. This is another difference: most port knocking algorithms are implemented as scripts scrutenising the log files. Using iptables the packet filtering is exploited as present in the Linux kernel or modules.
Link
These articles I wrote for the scuba diving club:
Deel 2: Lens, brandpunt en belichting
Deel 5: Uitlichten: natuurlijk licht en menglicht
Photographing the Milky Way
At some dark parts on this globe we have a beautiful view on the milky way. It shows as a lighted band on the nightly sky. It is possible to capture it on camera. The fun part is: The camera can see more than the naked eye.
It requires a SLR on tripod and a bit of technical knowledge. This shows how easy it is. Hardest part is probably to find dark night sky, real dark night sky.